Spread or path lighting illuminates low plantings, such as flower beds, as well as pathways. Mounted on a wall, spread lights can also act as small downlights for decks and patios. You do not need a lot of light: 1/2 to 1 foot-candle will work well if the lights are well placed. Be sure that steps and other critical areas are well illuminated.
Spacing
An even illumination helps older people to see comfortably. Higher stems permit wider coverage on the ground but stand out more.
You can also create attractive effects with defined pools of light, like steppingstones. For this effect, space the fixtures farther apart. For longer paths, you can locate the lights strategically at the intersections, turns, or changes in elevation. Adequate lighting at stairs or inclines is particularly important for the safety and comfort of people with older eyes.
Downlights
Downlighting lights paths and decks from above. You can attach downlights to the building, mount the atop posts, or suspend them from the lower branches of trees. For even lighting, use lamps with a flood distribution, and space fixtures no further apart than their mounting, height above ground..
Recommended Driveways and other Exterior Areas
Automobile headlights enable you to drive in the dark, but permanent lighting makes the driveway area much safer by identifying the turn-in, illuminating objects on the drive or children on the side, and guiding drivers around curves. For obvious reasons, lighting around the driveway must be very carefully controlled.
At the turn-in, post-top lights (typically lanterns or globes) announce the property. This equipment is usually line voltage and so requires properly buried conduit. The lights do not have to be very bright to be effective, but don't skimp on durability where the lights are nearly in public space. Providing spill light on street numbers helps guests to find their way.
To illuminate the pavement or surrounding lawn, place downlights or adjustable accent lights in nearby trees. Shield each fixture with a louver or snoot to control stray light. Control driveway lighting with a timer or photocell.
Basketball Hoops
A backyard or driveway court can be easily lighted from the roof line. Halogen or HID floods work better than simple PAR-holders because they spread the light and can be shielded to block stray light. Mount fixtures as high as practical to keep light out of players' eyes.
Tennis Courts
Lighting outdoor tennis courts involves high-intensity, well-controlled floodlights (usually metal halide source) mounted on high poles. The layout requires careful engineering to assure even illumination across the courts, without glare or light "trespass" onto neighboring property. Installation of the poles and electrical service needs a qualified electrical contractor.
Pools
Lighting within a pool is specialized and is typically handled by the pool contractor. Area lighting around the pool area (spread lights or downlights at the edge of the paving) helps people to move around at night.
Recommended Garden Lighting
Think of garden or landscape lighting as accent lighting for the exterior of the home. Lighting can be planned before the landscaping is complete, but it always requires a clear understanding of the trees and foliage involved. Recognize the difference between mature and growing vegetation; provide the flexibility to relocate accent lights for growing trees.
Visit the site; it is difficult to work from plans or photographs. And see it at night. Determine what to light, the effects desired, and finally the equipment required. Provide convenient controls.
Be Selective
If too much is highlighted, nothing stands out. Choose several features - trees, walls or sculptures - for focus.
Integrate the Lighting
Integrate the landscape and interior lighting concepts. gardens offer engaging vistas and pleasing pathways; circulation areas demand secure but unobtrusive lighting. Establish a clear organization of path and garden light that conveys people through the exterior into the home.
Eliminate Glare
Carefully place and aim the light sources to avoid direct glare. No bright light source should be visible. Keep patio lighting below seated eye level. Use accessory shielding where necessary.
Helpful Tips and Guidelines